Hannun injuna

Wararren mai ƙera hatimi mai ƙira mai yuwuwa mai yiwuwa masana'antar masana'antar kayayyakin roba

Hannun injuna masu aiki a matsakaiciyar ruwa galibi sun dogara da fim ɗin ruwa wanda matsakaiciyar ruwa ta ƙirƙira tsakanin saman gogayyar motsi da zobba masu tsaye don shafawa. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a kula da fim ɗin ruwa tsakanin saman gogayya don tabbatar da daidaitaccen aiki na hatimin inji da tsawanta rayuwar sabis.

Dangane da yanayi daban-daban, gogayya tsakanin zoben motsi da tsaye na hatimin inji zai kasance kamar haka:

(1) bushewar gogayya:

Babu wani ruwa mai shiga yanayin gogayya na zamewa, don haka babu fim din ruwa, ƙura ne kawai, layin oxide da ƙwayoyin gas masu tallatawa. Lokacin da zoben motsi da tsayayyu suna gudana, sakamakon shine cewa yanayin gogay zai yi zafi kuma ya lalace, wanda ke haifar da zubewa.

(2) Lubrication mai iyaka:

Lokacin da matsin lamba tsakanin zoben motsi da mara motsi ya karu ko damar ruwa don samar da fim din ruwa a saman gogayyar tayi rauni, za'a matse ruwan daga cikin ratar. Saboda farfajiyar ba cikakke ba ce, amma ba ta dace ba, akwai tufafin tuntuɓar a cikin kumburin, yayin da aikin lubrication na ruwa ke gudana a cikin hutu, wanda ke haifar da lubrication na iyaka. Sawa da zafin lubrication na iyaka matsakaici ne.

(3) Semi-lubrication na ruwa:

Akwai ruwa a cikin ramin farfajiyar zamiya, kuma ana kiyaye fim ɗin ruwa na bakin ciki tsakanin samfuran tuntuɓar, don haka yanayin dumama da sanyawa suna da kyau. Saboda fim ɗin ruwa tsakanin zoben motsi da na tsaye yana da tashin hankali a farfajiyarta, ƙarancin ruwan yana da iyaka.

(4) Cikakken man shafawa na ruwa:

Lokacin da matsi tsakanin motsi da zoben tsaye bai isa ba, kuma ratar ta ƙaru, fim ɗin ruwa ya yi kauri, kuma babu wata cikakkiyar ma'amala a wannan lokacin, don haka babu wani abin tashin hankali. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, tazarar da ke tsakanin zoben motsawa da zoben tsaye yana da girma, saboda haka ba za a iya samun sakamako na hatimi ba kuma zubarwar tana da nauyi. Ba a yarda da irin wannan yanayin a aikace ba (sai dai hatimin inji na membrane mai sarrafawa).

Mafi yawan yanayin aiki tsakanin maɗaukakiyar zoben zoben maƙerin keɓaɓɓu suna cikin man shafawa na kan iyaka da shafawa mai ruwa-ruwa, kuma shafawa mai ruwa-ruwa na iya samun sakamako mafi kyau na hatimi a ƙarƙashin mafi ƙarancin haɗin gwaninta, wato, gamsassun sutura da zafi tsara.

Don yin hatimin inji yana aiki a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayin shafawa, dalilai kamar matsakaiciyar halaye, matsin lamba, zafin jiki da saurin zamiya yakamata a yi la'akari dasu gaba ɗaya. Koyaya, zaɓar matsin da ya dace tsakanin motsi da zoben tsaye, ingantaccen tsari na shafa mai da inganta ƙarancin yanayin ƙwanƙolin motsi da zoben tsaye suma abubuwa ne masu mahimmanci don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na hatimin.

Tsarin da yawa don ƙarfafa man shafawa

1. facearshen fuskar eccentricity:

A cikin hatimai na kanikanci gaba ɗaya, tsakiyar zobe mai motsi, tsakiyar zobe mara motsi da tsakiyar layin shaft duk suna cikin madaidaiciya. Idan an sanya tsakiyar fuska ta ɗaya daga cikin zoben motsi ko zoben da ke tsaye don daidaitawa daga tsakiyar layin shaft ta wani ɗan tazara, ana iya ci gaba da kawo ruwan da ke shafawa zuwa cikin zamiya lokacin da zobe ya juya don shafawa.

Yakamata a nuna cewa girman yanayin eccentricity bazai zama babba ba, musamman don matsin lamba, eccentricity zai haifar da matsin lamba mara kyau akan fuskar karshe da rashin sutura mara kyau. Don hatimai masu sauri, ba kyau a yi amfani da zobe mai motsi kamar zoben eccentric ba, in ba haka ba inji zai yi rawar jiki saboda daidaituwar ƙarfin centrifugal.

2. Saka ƙarshen fuska:

Yana da wahala ga injina masu matsin lamba da masu saurin gudu su kiyaye fim din ruwa tsakanin saman gogayya, wanda galibi yake lalacewa ta hanyar zafin zafin da matsin lamba da tsananin gudu ke haifarwa. A wannan yanayin, yana da matukar tasiri don ɗaukar raunin ƙarfafa ƙarfin man shafawa. Dukansu zoben da yake motsi da zoben tsaye ba za a iya rami ba, wanda yawanci ana yin sa ne da kayan da ba sa jurewa. Kada zobe mai motsi da zoben da yake tsaye a lokaci ɗaya, saboda wannan zai rage tasirin man shafawa. Don hana datti ko sanya tarkace daga shiga cikin gogayyar kamar yadda ya kamata, da kuma rufe ruwan da ke kwarara a cikin hanyar karfi ta tsakiya (nau'in fitarwa), ya kamata a bude tsagi a kan zoben tsaye don kauce wa datti daga shigar da shi saman gogayya ta ƙarfin centrifugal. Akasin haka, lokacin da ruwan ya kwarara kan ƙarfin tsakiya (yawo a ciki), ya kamata a buɗe tsagi a kan zoben da ke motsawa, kuma ƙarfin centrifugal yana da amfani don fitar da datti daga cikin ragon.

Groananan ramuka a saman gogayyan suna da murabba'i mai siffar murabba'i, ko mai siffar sifa, ko wasu siffofi. Groove bai kamata yayi yawa ko zurfi ba, in ba haka ba zubar ruwa zata karu.

3. Tsayawa matsa lamba lubrication:

Abin da ake kira lubrication na hydrostatic shine kai tsaye gabatar da ruwan shafa mai na matsewa cikin yanayin gogayyar don shafawa. Ana kawo ruwan daskararrun da aka gabatar ta wata hanyar ruwa daban, kamar famfo mai aiki da karfin ruwa. Tare da wannan ruwan daskararren mai, matsawar ruwa a cikin inji yana adawa. Wannan nau'in galibi ana kiransa hatimin matsa lamba na hydrostatic.

Yakamata a dauki matakan kafa man shafawa na fim na gas don hatimin inji na matsakaiciyar matsakaiciyar gas, kamar yin amfani da matsin lamba na gas wanda yake sarrafa hatimin injinan inji ko kuma man shafawa mai karfi, ma'ana, amfani da kayan shafa mai kai kamar zoben motsawa ko madaidaiciyar zobe. Muddin yanayi ya bada dama, yakamata a canza yanayin matsakaicin gas zuwa yanayin matsakaicin ruwa gwargwadon iko, wanda ya dace da shafawa da kuma hatimi.